There is a detailed description here: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=264410
Basically, since iOS 17 some mobile applications and websites that use a particular technology that previously was working have stopped supporting VoiceOver, this is breaking accessibility and preventing people from properly using a wide-range of apps and websites.
It can be easily tested by opening this web in Safari:
https://bug-264410-attachments.webkit.org/attachment.cgi?id=468515
iOS 16: Reads both buttons
iOS 17: Does not read the first button
Hopefully, this will be solved soon by Apple